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    "parsed_content": "Restricted accessOtherFirst published online February 13, 2019 Re-use permissionsBeyond Willpower: Strategies for Reducing Failures of Self-ControlAngela L. Duckworth duckwort@psych.upenn.edu, Katherine L. Milkman, and David LaibsonView all authors and affiliationsVolume 19, Issue 3https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1529100618821893ContentsAbstractReferencesGet accessMoreCiteShare optionsInformation, rights and permissionsMetrics and citationsAbstractAlmost everyone struggles to act in their individual and collective best interests, particularly when doing so requires forgoing a more immediately enjoyable alternative. Other than exhorting decision makers to \u201cdo the right thing,\u201d what can policymakers do to reduce overeating, undersaving, procrastination, and other self-defeating behaviors that feel good now but generate larger delayed costs? In this review, we synthesize contemporary research on approaches to reducing failures of self-control. We distinguish between self-deployed and other-deployed strategies and, in addition, between situational and cognitive intervention targets. Collectively, the evidence from both psychological science and economics recommends psychologically informed policies for reducing failures of self-control.Get full access to this articleView all access and purchase options for this article.Get AccessReferencesAbadie A., Gay S. (2006). The impact of presumed consent legislation on cadaveric organ donation: A cross-country study. Journal of Health Economics, 25, 599\u2013620.CrossrefPubMedWeb of ScienceGoogle ScholarAdams P., Guttman-Kenney B., Hayes L., Hunt S., Laibson D., Stewart N. (2018). The semblance of success in nudging consumers to pay down credit card debt (Occasional Paper 45). London, England: Financial Conduct Authority. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.fca.org.uk\/publication\/occasional-papers\/occasional-paper-45.pdfGoogle ScholarAdriaanse M. A., Oettingen G., Gollwitzer P. 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DuckworthDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvaniaduckwort@psych.upenn.eduView all publications by this authorKatherine L. MilkmanOperations, Information and Decisions Department, The Wharton School of the University of PennsylvaniaView all publications by this authorDavid LaibsonDepartment of Economics, Harvard UniversityView all publications by this authorNotesAngela L. Duckworth, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 E-mail: duckwort@psych.upenn.eduMetrics and citationsMetrics\n \n \n Journals metrics\n This article was published in Psychological Science in the Public Interest.\n View All Journal Metrics\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Publication usage*Total views and downloads:\n 41489*Usage tracking began in December 2016 or upon migration to Sage Journals, whichever is later. 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