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    "original_url": "https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/12\/29\/world\/middleeast\/iran-currency-collapse-rial-inflation-protests.html?campaign_id=9&emc=edit_nn_20260102&instance_id=168721&nl=the-morning&regi_id=122976029&segment_id=213021&user_id=b25c5730c89e0c73f75709d8f1254337",
    "parsed_content": "Global EconomyJapan Raises Interest RatesI.M.F. Prods ChinaEpic Buildup of RiskRare Earths DealE.U. Sanctions on RussiaAdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTSupported bySKIP ADVERTISEMENTSurge of Economic Pain Pushes Iranians to the StreetsHigh inflation and a currency collapse have squeezed Iranians\u2019 budgets, challenging the country\u2019s leaders.Listen to this article \u00b7 5:01 min Learn moreShare full articleA photo released by Iranian state media shows a protest in Tehran on Monday, a day after Iran\u2019s currency hit a new low against the U.S. dollar.Credit...Fars News Agency, via Agence France-Presse \u2014 Getty ImagesBy Ben HubbardSanam Mahoozi and Leily NikounazarBen Hubbard reported from Istanbul, Sanam Mahoozi from London and Leily Nikounazar from Brussels.Dec. 29, 2025Protesters took to the streets of the capital, Tehran, and other cities in Iran on Monday to decry surging inflation and the collapse of the national currency, which have thrown markets into chaos and punched holes in family budgets.The currency plunged to a record low this past weekend against the U.S. dollar and the annual inflation rate rose to 42.2 percent in December.Amid the turmoil, the head of Iran\u2019s central bank, Mohammad Reza Farzin, resigned on Monday, pending the president\u2019s acceptance, local news media reported. A former economy minister, Abdolnaser Hemmati, was set to replace him. The economic turmoil poses a new challenge for Iran\u2019s leaders as they seek to maintain control of their country of 92 million people while recovering from attacks on its nuclear facilities in June by Israel and the United States and a campaign of \u201cmaximum pressure\u201d from the Trump administration aimed at securing a new agreement about Iran\u2019s nuclear program.President Masoud Pezeshkian responded to the demonstrations late Monday on social media.\u201cThe livelihood of the people is my daily concern,\u201d Mr. Pezeshkian said in a post on X. He said the government has actions planned to \u201creform the monetary and banking system and preserve the purchasing power of the people,\u201d adding that he had also asked the interior minister to \u201chear the legitimate demands of the protesters through dialogue with their representatives.\u201dMr. Pezeshkian\u2019s conciliatory message and his earlier move to swiftly replace the central bank chief suggest he is seeking to project responsiveness and a sense of de-escalation.Want to stay updated on what\u2019s happening in Iran? Sign up for Your Places: Global Update, and we\u2019ll send our latest coverage to your inbox.Iran has experienced repeated waves of protests fueled by economic woes, drought and other grievances since 2017, and it was not immediately clear whether these new demonstrations would grow and spread to additional cities.Iranian security forces have repressed previous protests with deadly force and arrests, raising the stakes for those who make their complaints public. Videos shared online on Monday showed security forces firing tear gas to disperse some of the protests in Tehran and at least two other cities.Experts attribute Iran\u2019s deepening economic pain to a host of factors from poor management to policies that keep the country\u2019s economy closed. The stepped-up efforts by the Trump administration to limit Iran\u2019s oil sales to foreign countries and the war with Israel in June, during which the government tapped Iranian banks to cover its costs, have also contributed to the worsening economy.The government has few options to address the crisis swiftly, said Amir Hossein Mahdavi, a doctoral candidate in political science at the University of Connecticut who studies Iran\u2019s economy.It could change its relationship with the United States in exchange for relief on sanctions, he said, or drastically cut government spending, but neither option appears likely.\u201cAt present, the risk of sustained high inflation, and a repetition of recent experiences such as those of Venezuela and Argentina, is increasingly growing,\u201d Mr. Mahdavi said.The proposed 2026 budget showed the government\u2019s dilemma, reflecting a substantial decrease in oil revenue and an increased reliance on tax revenue.On Monday, the Parliament rejected the proposed budget, the semiofficial Tasnim News Agency reported.The Economy and Foreign Affairs Ministries did not immediately respond to requests for comment.ImageDrivers buying gasoline in Tehran earlier this month.Credit...Arash Khamooshi for The New York TimesThe currency collapse has been painful for ordinary Iranians, who have watched the value of their salaries and savings drop while prices for goods and services skyrocketed.Omid, a 42-year-old sales manager in Tehran, said the value of his monthly income has dropped to the equivalent of $200 per month from $300 in just two months, giving him anxiety.He said he worried about being able to cover his elderly parents\u2019 medical bills and that his car would break down and he would be unable to fix it.\u201cThese days, even hanging out with friends feels restricted, as we\u2019re constantly calculating like human calculators whether we can squeeze in the cost of a simple coffee,\u201d he said.Mariam, a 41-year-old bank employee in Tehran, said other Iranians see her as upper middle class even though her salary now only covers two-thirds of her monthly expenses.Both Mariam and Omid spoke by telephone and asked to be identified by their first names only for fear of government reprisals.Mariam said she rarely ate out and avoided buying red meat or inviting guests over for meals.\u201cThings have gotten so expensive that over the past few days when I had guests, I was constantly crunching numbers to ensure I wouldn\u2019t run out of money before the end of the month,\u201d she said.Ben Hubbard is the Istanbul bureau chief, covering Turkey and the surrounding region.A version of this article appears in print on Dec. 30, 2025, Section A, Page 6 of the New York edition with the headline: As Currency Plunges and Inflation Soars, Economic Pain Sends Iranians to Streets. Order Reprints | Today\u2019s Paper | SubscribeRead 78 commentsShare full articleRelated ContentAdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENT",
    "ai_headline": "Surge of Economic Pain Pushes Iranians to the Streets",
    "ai_simplified_title": "Iranians Protest Economic Crisis in Tehran December 2025",
    "ai_excerpt": "Protests erupted in Tehran and other Iranian cities due to soaring inflation and currency collapse. The national currency hit a record low, and the annual inflation rate reached 42.2% in December. The government faces challenges in managing the economic crisis.",
    "ai_subject_tags": [
        "Iran",
        "Protests",
        "Economy",
        "Inflation",
        "Currency Collapse",
        "Politics",
        "Middle East"
    ],
    "ai_context_type": "News",
    "ai_context_details": {
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        "perspective": "neutral",
        "audience": "general",
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