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                "text": "Harvard College permitted students to begin applying on Aug. 1, and the Common App released its essay prompts way back in February.",
                "simplified_text": "Harvard College permitted applications August 1 Common App released essay prompts in February",
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                "text": "Those brief but pivotal essays often make all the difference between acceptance and rejection.",
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                "text": "The Supreme Court decision two years ago eliminating affirmative action in college admissions fomented considerable uncertainty about the transformed admissions landscape, and the second Trump administration\u2019s recent assaults on higher education have only exacerbated the confusion.",
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                "text": "President Trump, Attorney General Pam Bondi and Education Secretary Linda McMahon have repeatedly brandished the court\u2019s decision, seeking to prohibit universities from considering race in any way whatsoever, even though the opinion plainly requires no such thing.",
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                "text": "In early August, the Trump administration controversially demanded that all American colleges and universities relinquish data about admitted and rejected applications broken down along racial lines, evidently preparing to decrease further the already-depressed Black enrollment numbers at many of the nation\u2019s pre-eminent educational institutions.",
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                "text": "Since the 1970s, conservatives have routinely aimed to eliminate affirmative action in college admissions.",
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                "text": "In June 2023, the Supreme Court delivered that long-sought triumph, when Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the majority opinion killing affirmative action in a case called Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College.",
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                "text": "The first-year classes that entered many of the nation\u2019s most prominent colleges in the fall of 2024 contained far fewer Black students than prior cohorts.",
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                "text": "At M.I.T., for example, Black enrollment plunged to 5 percent from 15 percent of the first-year class.",
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                "text": "At Amherst, Black enrollment fell to just 3 percent from 11 percent.",
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                "text": "At Harvard Law School, for example, the number of incoming Black students dropped by more than half, making it the smallest class of Black Harvard 1Ls since 1965, and accounting for only 3 percent of the overall class.",
                "simplified_text": "Harvard Law Black students dropped by half smallest class since 1965 3 percent of class",
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                "text": "The opinion allowed that colleges may award an applicant an admissions boost if a personal essay discusses \u201chow race affected his or her life, be it through discrimination, inspiration or otherwise.\u201d",
                "simplified_text": "Colleges may boost applicant if essay discusses race's effect",
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                "text": "Some prompts after the ruling overtly instructed applicants to write about race if they so wished.",
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                "text": "Several eminent colleges admit only about 5 percent of applicants.",
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                "text": "The Supreme Court has now expressly instructed that highlighting experiences with racial discrimination is one constitutionally sanctioned method that can furnish students with that elusive edge.",
                "simplified_text": "Supreme Court instructed racial discrimination experiences can furnish students with edge",
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                "text": "Shelby Steele\u2019s 1990 book \u201cThe Content of Our Character,\u201d published 12 years after the Supreme Court first legitimated affirmative action policies, is the undisputed ur-text that pursued this critique.",
                "simplified_text": "Shelby Steele's 1990 book is undisputed text criticizing affirmative action",
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                "text": "In 2024, a Cornell undergraduate of color expressly told the university newspaper that had she applied before the end of affirmative action, she would not have focused her essay on racial identity.",
                "simplified_text": "Cornell student said she wouldn't have focused on racial identity before affirmative action's end",
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                "text": "Teen Vogue has observed that there is \u201can even harsher burden on applicants\u2019 essays,\u201d and that students now \u201care practicing ranking themselves against their peers in a form of trauma Olympics.\u201d",
                "simplified_text": "Teen Vogue observed harsher burden on applicants' essays students practice trauma Olympics",
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                "text": "The conservative emphasis on American racial progress animated Chief Justice Roberts\u2019s opinion in Shelby County v. Holder (2013), which effectively eliminated one of the Voting Rights Act\u2019s central provisions.",
                "simplified_text": "Conservative emphasis on racial progress animated Roberts' Shelby County v Holder opinion",
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                "text": "Following the court\u2019s decision, The Washington Post covered Demar Goodman\u2019s evolving college application strategy.",
                "simplified_text": "Washington Post covered Demar Goodman's college application strategy",
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                "text": "In his 1994 memoir, Henry Louis Gates Jr., a liberal, distinguished scholar of African American literature and history at Harvard, balked at the notion that Black people must subscribe to the totalizing, all-consuming vision of race that the court\u2019s decision unintentionally promoted.",
                "simplified_text": "Henry Louis Gates Jr balked at notion Black people must subscribe to totalizing vision of race",
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