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President Trump signed an executive order requiring universities to disclose applicant data, sparking debate over merit in admissions. The order aims to increase scrutiny of colleges' practices, potentially impacting diversity. Experts predict the order could lead to wealthier, less diverse student populations.
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- Trump Escalates a Fight Over How to Measure Merit in American Education
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- Trump Orders Colleges to Disclose Admissions Data on Merit
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- President Trump signed an executive order requiring universities to disclose applicant data, sparking debate over merit in admissions. The order aims to increase scrutiny of colleges' practices, potentially impacting diversity. Experts predict the order could lead to wealthier, less diverse student populations.
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College Admissions Affirmative Action Education Policy Donald Trump Higher Education Diversity Merit Race
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1.000
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{ "tone": "informative", "perspective": "neutral", "audience": "general", "credibility_indicators": [ "expert_quotes", "data_cited", "reporting from The New York Times" ] }
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- August 11, 2025 at 1:42 PM
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FundingDisclosing Admissions DataUsing an Obama StrategyEffect on Community CollegesAdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTYou have been granted access, use your keyboard to continue reading.Supported bySKIP ADVERTISEMENTTrump Escalates a Fight Over How to Measure Merit in American EducationPresident Trump\u2019s most recent executive order wades into a debate over how elite colleges should weigh grades and test scores versus the obstacles students have overcome.Share full articlePresident Trump signed an executive order requiring schools to submit information about the academics of applicants, which was designed to prevent universities from using \u201cracial proxies\u201d in admissions.Credit...Haiyun Jiang\/The New York TimesBy Stephanie SaulDana Goldstein and Sarah MervoshAug. 8, 2025The Trump administration\u2019s executive order demanding that universities disclose the race, test scores and grade point averages of all applicants raises the stakes in a bitter battle that has already upended college admissions in recent years.Colleges will face even more intense scrutiny over their admissions practices as the administration pushes them to rely more heavily on quantitative measures, which experts say could result in wealthier, less diverse student populations at elite universities.For a century, higher education has been embroiled in a debate over who should be admitted into the country\u2019s most selective colleges. It is a fight that cuts to the core of the nation\u2019s most difficult ideological divides, over merit, equal opportunity and the legacy of racism.On one side, colleges have argued that considering students\u2019 life experiences \u2014 including their races \u2014 creates diverse student bodies that are beneficial to everyone and corrects for decades of discrimination. But a conservative movement has questioned the use of such subjective criteria in admissions, arguing that the practice has led to discrimination against white and Asian students.Two years ago, conservatives, led by an organization called Students for Fair Admissions, won a victory in the Supreme Court, when a majority of the justices deemed the consideration of race in college admissions unconstitutional.Universities have been scrambling to rearrange their admissions processes to comply with the ruling ever since. The president\u2019s order builds on the court decision, but also goes further, by giving the federal government information that it could use to target colleges it thinks are not complying.James Murphy, director of postsecondary policy at Education Reform Now, a left-leaning advocacy group, said the new disclosure requirements would increase incentives to enroll wealthy students, who often score higher on standardized tests because of a range of advantages that start early in life.\u201cI think the incentives that this creates are a big deal,\u201d Dr. Murphy said. \u201cIt is creating pressure on colleges to focus on higher G.P.A.s and higher test scores.\u201dThe factors that elite colleges use to admit students have caused conflict for decades.In the early 20th century, colleges considered intangible factors such as character, leadership and athleticism. They mattered as much as \u2014 or more \u2014 than grades or scores. But those criteria were also often used to depress the representation of certain groups, such as Jewish students.After World War II, when the United States faced increased military and scientific competition from the Soviet Union, selective universities began to assign greater weight to academic factors, including the SAT, said Nicholas Lemann, who has written about the history of standardized testing and is a professor of journalism at Columbia University.Sign up for the Race\/Related Newsletter Join a deep and provocative exploration of race, identity and society with New York Times journalists.\n Get it sent to your inbox.That push soon came into tension with the demands from the civil rights movement to open elite institutions to a more diverse group of students.Decades of research shows a strong link between family income and students\u2019 test scores \u2014 a link that makes it difficult to create diverse student bodies using test scores alone. By the time students take the SAT, research shows, those from the highest-income households are seven times as likely to score at least 1300, compared with students from the poorest families.Among students who graduated from high school in 2024 and took the SAT, 1 percent of Black students scored between 1400 and 1600, the highest possible score, according to the College Board, the private organization that administers the test. Similarly, 2 percent of Hispanic test takers scored in that range.By contrast, 7 percent of white test takers and 27 percent of Asian students scored between 1400 and 1600.These days in the United States, there are few academically elite institutions at any level \u2014 high school or college \u2014 that admit students based only on test scores, in part because of disparities in test outcomes.But it is also because colleges also often give preferences to the children of alumni, along with fencers, French horn players and students with many other specialized skills thought to contribute to the campus community. Applicants are also evaluated on gauges of economic adversity, such as whether students have to work to support themselves.Professor Lemann said that because there is such a strong relationship between income and standardized test scores, the Trump administration\u2019s attempt to pressure colleges to weigh tests more heavily could \u201cresegregate elite higher education \u2014 let\u2019s call that for what it is.\u201dHe added, \u201cIt\u2019s a chimera to think there is one way to pick the class that will make everybody happy.\u201dAnthony Abraham Jack, a professor of higher education at Boston University, raised concerns that the order would lead to \u201ca quota system for wealthy and white students\u201d and added, \u201cIf your class is too brown, too poor, then somehow you rigged the system.\u201dHe emphasized that admissions should be about context.\u201cIf you have a student who gets a 5 in A.P. calculus, that doesn\u2019t give you a relative understanding of how good they are,\u201d he said. \u201cWhat if they\u2019re the only young woman in the entire state to get a 5 in A.P. calc? That tells you how amazing that person is.\u201dGroups like Students for Fair Admissions have said such subjective measures could sometimes result in discrimination against high-performing groups, particularly Asian students, similar to the way universities once treated Jewish students.Edward Blum, the head of Students for Fair Admissions, said that broadly considering talents, interests, characteristics and other experiences could continue.\u201cThat\u2019s fine,\u201d Mr. Blum said. \u201cWhat is not fine is to use any holistic measurement as a proxy for race.\u201dUnder the new order, the information will be reported publicly in a federal database called the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, or IPEDS.In a news release Thursday, the education secretary, Linda McMahon, said the new requirements \u201cwill enable the American public to assess whether schools are passing over the most qualified students in favor of others based on their race.\u201dMany colleges released enrollment data last fall showing that the percentages of Black and Hispanic students had already dropped as a result of the 2023 Supreme Court decision.As the Trump administration pushes colleges to move to a system that is more focused on merit, critics argue that merit should also include the full range of factors in a student\u2019s life, beyond quantitative test scores.Richard Kahlenberg, a researcher at the Progressive Policy Institute, a left-leaning think tank, supports class-based affirmative action, which would give preferences to students from lower income groups.\u201cMy argument all along has been it is more meritocratic to look at a 1400 SAT score,\u201d Mr. Kahlenberg said, \u201cand consider information on whether the student who earned that score went to private school, had all sorts of advantages in life, or worked two jobs and went to a lousy school and managed to score really high anyway.\u201dHarry Feder, executive director of FairTest, an organization that has opposed standardized testing, said the executive order might give colleges a further incentive to drop the use of standardized tests altogether.\u201cAt some level, I think the universities, when they use test scores, are playing a dangerous game in terms of opening themselves up to lawsuits,\u201d he said. \u201cThey\u2019ll be scrutinized, and their race data is going to be scrutinized.\u201dWhile President Trump\u2019s other moves against colleges have often faced swift legal challenges, this latest order appeared to rest on the broad legal authority that the Department of Education has to collect a wide range of data from institutions where students can use federal aid. Still, it could face legal challenges if, for example, colleges or outside groups make the case that sharing some data could violate students\u2019 privacy rights.Dr. Murphy and Dr. Jack both predicted that the order would prompt litigation.Roxanne Garza, the director of higher education policy at EdTrust, a policy group focused on racial and economic barriers in education, said that more data about which students are admitted into which colleges could be useful. It could help students know exactly what is needed to get into certain colleges, for example.\u201cThe collection of the data in and of itself is not necessarily a bad thing,\u201d she said.But she said the focus on race seemed to be designed to call into question whether students of color were deserving of being admitted.\u201cWhy are we also not asking institutions to publish their data on legacy admissions or donor preference admissions?\u201d Ms. Garza said.Anemona Hartocollis contributed reporting.Stephanie Saul reports on colleges and universities, with a recent focus on the dramatic changes in college admissions and the debate around diversity, equity and inclusion in higher education.Dana Goldstein covers education and families for The Times.\u00a0Sarah Mervosh covers education for The Times, focusing on K-12 schools.A version of this article appears in print on Aug. 9, 2025, Section A, Page 14 of the New York edition with the headline: Under a Trump Order, Colleges Are Pressed On Admissions Rules. Order Reprints | Today\u2019s Paper | SubscribeSee more on: Education Department (US), Students for Fair Admissions, Donald Trump, U.S. PoliticsRead 951 CommentsShare full articleRelated ContentAdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENT", "ai_headline": "Trump Escalates a Fight Over How to Measure Merit in American Education", "ai_simplified_title": "Trump Orders Colleges to Disclose Admissions Data on Merit", "ai_excerpt": "President Trump signed an executive order requiring universities to disclose applicant data, sparking debate over merit in admissions. The order aims to increase scrutiny of colleges' practices, potentially impacting diversity. Experts predict the order could lead to wealthier, less diverse student populations.", "ai_subject_tags": [ "College Admissions", "Affirmative Action", "Education Policy", "Donald Trump", "Higher Education", "Diversity", "Merit", "Race" ], "ai_context_type": "News", "ai_context_details": { "tone": "informative", "perspective": "neutral", "audience": "general", "credibility_indicators": [ "expert_quotes", "data_cited", "reporting from The New York Times" ] }, "ai_source_vector": [ -0.015631957, 0.01687002, 0.014413653, -0.048815053, -0.0033854824, -0.009812604, 0.001477018, 0.013785975, -0.0018232615, 0.003882222, -0.0070934226, 0.021619989, -0.009750646, -0.02349607, 0.1156974, 0.043716438, -0.009858618, 0.0055633793, 0.022721952, 0.0071641323, -0.009384842, 0.02707427, 0.009366058, -0.0026323788, 0.026129676, -0.01641919, -0.0010457096, 0.0018691976, 0.039100178, 0.012871633, -0.047405288, 0.005831232, 0.023428792, 0.015022697, 0.018531531, 0.01610616, 0.028375665, -0.00040198507, 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Campus CrackdownCase Against HarvardU.C.L.A. FundingDisclosing Admissions DataUsing an Obama StrategyEffect on Community CollegesAdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTYou have been granted access, use your keyboard to continue reading.Supported bySKIP ADVERTISEMENTTrump Escalates a Fight Over How to Measure Merit in American EducationPresident Trumpβs most recent executive order wades into a debate over how elite colleges should weigh grades and test scores versus the obstacles students have overcome.Share full articlePresident Trump signed an executive order requiring schools to submit information about the academics of applicants, which was designed to prevent universities from using βracial proxiesβ in admissions.Credit...Haiyun Jiang/The New York TimesBy Stephanie SaulDana Goldstein and Sarah MervoshAug. 8, 2025The Trump administrationβs executive order demanding that universities disclose the race, test scores and grade point averages of all applicants raises the stakes in a bitter battl...
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Claims from this Source (34)
All claims extracted from this source document.
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π€ The author π News Article π a1167008-75e8-49c7-9ae3-47f84591900bSimplified: Richard Kahlenberg supports class-based affirmative action which would give preferences to students from lower income groups
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Simplified: President Trump signed an executive order
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Simplified: Colleges will face more intense scrutiny over admissions practices.
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Simplified: Relying more heavily on quantitative measures could result in wealthier less diverse student populations at elite universities.
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Simplified: Considering student life experiences creates diverse student bodies beneficial to everyone.
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Universities have been scrambling to rearrange their admissions processes to comply with the ruling.1.000Simplified: Universities have been scrambling to rearrange admissions processes to comply with the ruling.
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Simplified: New disclosure requirements would increase incentives to enroll wealthy students.
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π€ The author π News Article π·οΈ Education , Statistics π a1167005-c896-469b-a743-7d38c80782d4Simplified: Research shows a strong link between family income and student test scores.
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π€ The author π News Article π·οΈ Education , Statistics π a1167006-0190-4273-a9fb-046beb2e5a61Simplified: 1 percent of Black students scored between 1400 and 1600 on the SAT.
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π€ The author π News Article π·οΈ Statistical , Education π a11659a4-f9b1-4da7-805d-2da41a7ed8d1Simplified: Percentage of Hispanic students saw similar decline
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Simplified: Colleges often give preferences to children of alumni fencers French horn players and students with specialized skills.
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Simplified: Applicants are evaluated on gauges of economic adversity.
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Simplified: It is a chimera to think there is one way to pick the class that will make everybody happy.
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π€ Anthony Abraham Jack π News Article π·οΈ Education π a1167007-3e3f-4f19-9f79-273c491e4a2dSimplified: The order would lead to a quota system for wealthy and white students.
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π€ The author π News Article π a1167007-6abf-4088-a60b-9a2d6a8e24d8Simplified: Admissions should be about context
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π€ Edward Blum π News Article π a1167007-aea2-454a-88a0-ba0e7a1c5757Simplified: Broadly considering talents interests characteristics and other experiences could continue
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π€ Edward Blum π News Article π a1167007-d5af-458d-97cd-c01ba968514bSimplified: Using any holistic measurement is not fine as a proxy for race
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π€ The author π News Article π a1167007-fb9b-4832-8d22-4a343465b7b5Simplified: Information will be reported publicly in a federal database called the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System or IPEDS under the new order
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Black and Hispanic admissions have increased at public flagship universities since the ruling.1.000π€ The author π News Article π·οΈ Statistical , Education π a11659a5-21a2-4820-b4c1-cc531ccbf990Simplified: Black and Hispanic admissions have increased at public flagship universities since ruling
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π€ Richard Kahlenberg π News Article π a1167008-9801-412e-a737-867a81b9802cSimplified: It is more meritocratic to look at a 1400 SAT score and consider information on whether the student earned that score went to private school had advan...
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π€ Harry Feder π News Article π a1167008-be00-4359-8c14-72d11883ed89Simplified: Executive order might give colleges a further incentive to drop the use of standardized tests altogether
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π€ Harry Feder π News Article π a1167008-ed55-4ebf-9480-9aee7a108eb3Simplified: Universities are playing a dangerous game in terms of opening themselves up to lawsuits when they use test scores
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π€ The author π News Article π a1167009-9b4d-4f10-b393-3026cb4f2c2bSimplified: Order could face legal challenges if colleges or outside groups make the case that sharing some data could violate studentsβ privacy rights
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π€ Dr. Murphy and Dr. Jack π News Article π a1167009-eaf9-40c8-a8dd-0bd3a4619900Simplified: Order would prompt litigation
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π€ Roxanne Garza π News Article π a116700a-955c-403f-adbd-993856090f94Simplified: Data could help students know exactly what is needed to get into certain colleges
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π€ Roxanne Garza π News Article π a116700a-de04-4afe-9b15-4a9d61241df8Simplified: Collection of the data is not necessarily a bad thing
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π€ Roxanne Garza π News Article π a116700b-2489-4d09-b995-9a196f4a73bfSimplified: Institutions should publish their data on legacy admissions or donor preference admissions