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    "parsed_content": "Illustration: Matt Kenyon\/The GuardianView image in fullscreen Illustration: Matt Kenyon\/The GuardianOpinionTechnologyEnough of the billionaires and their big tech. \u2018Frugal tech\u2019 will build us all a better worldEleanor DrageTitans like Musk would love us to believe innovation means top-down solutions that only enrich the wealthy. In fact, we all have the powerSat 2 Aug 2025 01.00 EDTLast modified on Mon 4 Aug 2025 23.55 EDTShare552552There\u2019s a common misconception that state-of-the-art technology has to be expensive, energy consumptive and hard to engineer. That\u2019s because we have been persuaded to believe that innovative technology is whatever bombastic billionaires claim it is, whether that\u2019s commercial spacecraft or the endless iterations of generative AI tools.As the Canadian technologist and engineer Ursula Franklin once said, fantasies of technology would have it that innovation is always \u201cinvestment-driven, shiny, lab-born, experimental, exciting\u201d. But more often than not, in the real world, it is \u201cneeds-driven, scrappy, on location, iterative, practical, mundane\u201d. The real pioneering technologies of today are genuinely useful systems I like to call \u201cfrugal tech\u201d, and they are brought to life not by eccentric billionaires but by people doing more with less. They don\u2019t impose top-down \u201csolutions\u201d that seem to complicate our lives while making a few people very rich. It turns out that genuinely innovative technology really can set people free.Last month at Berlin\u2019s once hippy, now increasingly corporatised Re:publica conference, for example, I met researchers from the Association for Progressive Communications (APC), who are using technologies such as software-defined radios and spectrum sensing to allow people in low-resource environments to stay connected despite limited bandwidth, power, hardware and communication infrastructure. These technologies are the basis of the local community networks that supply coverage to the 2.5 billion people globally who lack internet access. In the Niger Delta, which suffers from toxic levels of air pollution from its oil industry, APC is setting up connections and deploying low-cost sensors that monitor the environment. These play a crucial role in how locals can advise children when to stay inside and which areas to avoid playing in. This infrastructure is managed for and by the municipality, serves a pressing need and can be installed and built by the people who deploy it. Unlike, say, ChatGPT or a Blue Origin space rocket.The fact is, while generative AI is lauded as the technology of the minute, iterations such as Dall-E 3, Google Gemini and GPT are irrelevant to those who don\u2019t have enough internet bandwidth to use them. The new digital divide is the gap between the top end of the global population \u2013 who have access to these power-intensive technologies \u2013 and those at the bottom, whose internet access, or lack of, remains static. That\u2019s why some of today\u2019s most brilliant minds are working out how to manage the trade-off between internet range and bandwidth, and whether there are obstacles in the way such as mountains and foliage.View image in fullscreenElon Musk at the Axel Springer award in Berlin, Germany, 1 December 2020. Photograph: Hannibal Hanschke\/ReutersThe fact is that good innovation also often involves lobbying for good. So while big tech poured hundreds of millions into watering down the EU AI Act, good tech lobbies for better internet provisions for all. Policy and innovation go hand in hand, meaning that the consequences of good technology far exceed the technology itself, extending to governance and social welfare.At Re:publica\u2019s \u201cmaker space\u201d, I fiddled around with DIY solar-powered sensors that can be built using a Raspberry Pi computer and off-the-shelf components such as humidity sensors. I lost my partner, an engineer by training, to a microscope designed by the OpenFlexure project that was made from 3D printed materials. Microscopes are crucial for diagnosing infections but can cost millions of pounds, making them entirely inaccessible for many people across the globe. This one is lightweight, costs next to nothing and is open source, meaning that anyone can reproduce the design by 3D printing parts and cobbling them together with shop-bought motors and circuit boards. A bit like a cheap Ikea wardrobe, except that all the bits you need to assemble it can be bought inexpensively from a local electronics shop. Manufacturers from Ghana and Wales to Chile and Australia are all using OpenFlexure\u2019s designs to give people everywhere access to low-source microscopy. We might think generative AI has invaded all corners of our lives, but this couldn\u2019t be further from the truth. What is actually prolific and relevant to the majority are low-cost technologies that solve day-to-day business and social problems.While most of what we consider to be \u201chi-tech\u201d is closed off behind proprietary algorithms, the open-source technologies above all require community involvement. This can be immensely empowering, and can improve public trust: it\u2019s hard (and unwise) to give yourself over to a technology that won\u2019t tell you how it works, particularly when its predefined settings allow only for meagre approaches to \u201cuser privacy\u201d. As I ask my students, if you could develop an AI at your own home, and programme it to reflect your values and prioritise your safety, wouldn\u2019t you trust it more? Well, the idea isn\u2019t so outlandish \u2013 it only feels impossible because big tech firms want us to think it is.What is most outstanding about frugal innovation is not just that its technologies are impressive, but that it might actually prompt systemic change by showing people that tech can be developed locally, and not just imported from Silicon Valley. When farmer Chris Conder dug her own fibreoptic cables on her property in Lancashire, she set out \u201cto prove that ordinary people could do it \u2026 it wasn\u2019t rocket science\u201d. By demonstrating that fast internet could be connected with fibre-optic cable, a digger and the desire to just get on and do it, she spawned an organisation called B4RN, which promotes community fibre partnerships.Tech bros may want you to believe there is no point in making something new unless it is difficult, inaccessible and exclusionary. But technological innovation is about collaboration as much as it is about competition. For many people across the world, a product\u2019s value isn\u2019t in a sky-high valuation, or in it being impossible to take apart (as with impenetrable iPhones). Often, the smartest technologies are those that distil a problem down to its bread and butter components in order to disseminate a solution to the masses.So, while innovative individuals and communities around the world quietly get on with improving their lives and those around them, it\u2019s high time the rest of us stopped being passive recipients of technology, and started asking ourselves what kind of world we want to live in and how to create it. Must the setting for innovation be \u00a31bn-plus buildings like Google\u2019s new London offices in King\u2019s Cross, located in nations that can afford to stomach eye-watering training costs and compute power requirements? Or might we instead be able to steer innovation from within our very communities \u2013 or households?\n \n Eleanor Drage is a senior research fellow at the University of Cambridge\u2019s Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence and co-author of the The Good Robot: Why Technology Needs Feminism\nTechnologyOpinionArtificial intelligence (AI)ComputingInternetcommentShareReuse this contentMost viewedMore than 60 countries scramble to respond to Trump\u2019s latest tariffs\u2018They slaughtered us like animals\u2019: the inside story of how one of the biggest atrocities of the Sudan war unfolded in ZamzamJD Vance\u2019s team had water level of Ohio river raised for family\u2019s boating tripFrom puppy murder to racist podcasts: South Park\u2019s anti-deportation episode is utterly ruthless TVFormer Superman actor Dean Cain reveals he\u2019s becoming an Ice agent to support Trump\u2019s mass deportation agenda",
    "ai_headline": "Enough of the billionaires and their big tech. \u2018Frugal tech\u2019 will build us all a better world",
    "ai_simplified_title": "Eleanor Drage Argues for Frugal Tech Innovation Over Billionaire Tech",
    "ai_excerpt": "The article critiques the focus on expensive, top-down technology promoted by billionaires, advocating for 'frugal tech' solutions developed locally and collaboratively. It highlights examples like community networks and open-source microscopes, emphasizing their accessibility and impact. The author encourages readers to consider the kind of world they want to create through technology.",
    "ai_subject_tags": [
        "Technology",
        "Innovation",
        "Frugal Tech",
        "Billionaires",
        "Open Source",
        "Community Networks",
        "Digital Divide",
        "Social Impact"
    ],
    "ai_context_type": "Opinion",
    "ai_context_details": {
        "tone": "opinionated",
        "perspective": "critical",
        "audience": "general",
        "credibility_indicators": [
            "expert_quotes"
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    },
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