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    "original_url": "https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2026\/09\/24\/arts\/design\/van-gogh-kroeller-mueller-museum.html?emc=edit_nn_20260926&nl=the-morning&segment_id=227102",
    "parsed_content": "When the World Saw van Gogh as \u2018a Madman,\u2019 She Saw His GeniusHelene Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller assembled the world\u2019s second-largest collection of van Gogh paintings. Now, for the first time in decades, they are on show together in a Dutch forest.Skip to contentSkip to site indexSearch & Section NavigationSection NavigationAccountAccountGoHome U.S.SECTIONSU.S.PoliticsNew YorkCaliforniaEducationHealthObituariesScienceClimateWeatherSportsBusinessTechThe UpshotThe MagazineTOP STORIESDonald TrumpSupreme CourtCongressImmigrationAbortionLatest PollsNEWSLETTERSThe MorningMake sense of the day\u2019s news and ideas.The EveningCatch up on big news, and wind down to end your day.See all newslettersPODCASTSThe DailyThe biggest stories of our time, in 20 minutes a day.See all podcastsWorldSECTIONSWorldAfricaAmericasAsiaAustraliaCanadaEuropeMiddle EastScienceClimateWeatherHealthObituariesTOP STORIESMiddle East CrisisRussia-Ukraine WarChina International RelationsThe Global ProfileLeer en Espa\u00f1olNEWSLETTERSThe WorldA guide to understanding the news, made for readers around the globe.Your Places: Global UpdateThe latest news for any part of the world you select.Canada LetterBackstories and analysis from our Canadian correspondents.See all newslettersBusinessSECTIONSBusinessTechEconomyMediaFinance and MarketsDealBookPersonal TechEnergy TransitionYour MoneyTOP STORIESU.S. EconomyStock MarketArtificial IntelligenceNEWSLETTERSDealBookThe most crucial business and policy news you need to know.On TechOur best tech reporting from the week.See all newslettersPODCASTSHard ForkOur tech journalists help you make sense of the rapidly changing tech world.See all podcastsArtsSECTIONSToday's ArtsBook ReviewBest SellersDanceMoviesMusicTelevisionTheaterPop CultureT MagazineVisual ArtsRECOMMENDATIONS100 Best Movies of the 21st CenturyCritic\u2019s PicksWhat to ReadWhat to WatchWhat to Listen To5 Minutes to Make You Love MusicNEWSLETTERSBooksReviews, news and features to help you find your next read.WatchingStreaming TV and movie recommendations.See all newslettersPODCASTSBook ReviewThe podcast that takes you inside the literary world.PopcastPop music news, new songs and albums, and artists of note.See all podcastsLifestyleSECTIONSAll LifestyleWellTravelStyleReal EstateFoodLoveYour MoneyPersonal TechT MagazineCOLUMNS36 HoursAsk WellThe HuntModern LoveWhere to EatVowsSocial Q\u2019sThe EthicistAsk the TherapistNEWSLETTERSThe WeekenderUnwind with stories about culture and the way we live.WellEssential news and guidance to live your healthiest life.See all newslettersPODCASTSModern LoveThe complicated love lives of real people.See all podcastsOpinionSECTIONSOpinionGuest EssaysEditorialsOp-DocsVideosLettersTOPICSPoliticsWorldBusinessTechClimateHealthCultureCOLUMNISTSJamelle BouieMaureen DowdDavid FrenchThomas L. 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Win ProjectionsNEWSLETTERSThe PulseDelivering the top stories in sports, Sunday to Friday.See all newslettersPLAYConnections: Sports Edition Connections: Soccer Edition Connections Coach U.S.InternationalCanadaEspa\u00f1ol\u4e2d\u6587When the World Saw van Gogh as \u2018a Madman,\u2019 She Saw His GeniusHelene Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller assembled the world\u2019s second-largest collection of van Gogh paintings. Now, for the first time in decades, they are on show together in a Dutch forest.Credit...Supported bySKIP ADVERTISEMENTListen \u00b7 5:38 min Share full articleBy Nina SiegalReporting from Otterlo, the NetherlandsSept. 24, 2026It was April 1912, and Helene Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller was on a shopping spree. She wasn\u2019t interested in the latest shoes or fashions. She was on the hunt for Vincent van Gogh\u2019s portrait of Madame Augustine Roulin.She managed to find \u201cLa Berceuse,\u201d as the painting is known, at a Paris gallery, and bought it on the spot. The next day, she went from gallery to gallery, looking for more van Gogh paintings, and took home a great haul: 15 in a single trip.Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller, a German heiress, had made it her life\u2019s goal to establish a great public collection of modern art. She became one of the first major collectors to recognize van Gogh\u2019s genius.AdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTNow, more than a century after that Paris shopping spree, the entire collection of van Gogh paintings she assembled is on view together at the museum she built in the middle of a Dutch forest \u2014 for the first time since 1984.ImageThe exhibition \u201cVan Gogh: All Our Paintings\u201d includes works like \u201cLa Berceuse,\u201d hanging on the left side of the rear wall.Credit...Ilvy Njiokiktjien for The New York TimesIt is the second-largest trove of van Gogh\u2019s works anywhere, after the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, and it was assembled by a woman who took great risks in buying his art at a time when few others dared.The exhibition at the Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum in Otterlo, the Netherlands, called \u201cVan Gogh: All Our Paintings\u201d and running through Jan. 3, presents the whole collection as Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller conceived it: an expression of the artist\u2019s development, range and spiritual aspirations.The Museums Special SectionRocky, Reconsidered: The sculpture is at the center of a show by the Philadelphia Museum of Art\u00a0that explores the meaning of monuments.Route 66 Turns 100: Exhibitions recall the history of the neon corridor that helped define the American road trip.A New Museum Comes With a D.J.: The space in Indianapolis, housed in a former dairy barn, aims to upend expectations of what an art museum can be.The Fisher Collection in a New Light: A Bay Area family made a deal with SFMOMA\u00a0that called for exhibitions of the collection\u2019s works every 10 years.More on Museums: Artists and institutions\u00a0are adapting to changing times.\u201cThis is a rare moment that all the paintings are in the house,\u201d said Benno Tempel, the museum\u2019s director. \u201cIt hasn\u2019t happened for such a long time.\u201dImageA van Gogh self-portrait from 1887. The show is organized around the themes of faith, hope and love.Credit...Ilvy Njiokiktjien for The New York TimesAdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTImageVisitors pausing in front of van Gogh\u2019s \u201cAt Eternity\u2019s Gate.\u201d The collection reflects he artist\u2019s development, range and spiritual aspirations.Credit...Ilvy Njiokiktjien for The New York TimesThe show is organized around three themes \u2014 faith, hope and love \u2014 reflecting the spiritual dimension that Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller saw in van Gogh\u2019s work. It includes many of his popular works, scattered throughout these broad categories, such as \u201cCaf\u00e9 Terrace at Night,\u201d \u201cPortrait of Joseph Roulin\u201d and \u201cThe Sower.\u201dKr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller, the daughter of a German industrialist, had an early interest in art but had to end her formal education at age 16. At 18, she married one of her father\u2019s employees, who would later take over the family business. Her husband, Anton M\u00fcller, encouraged her intellectual pursuits, including her interest in art, a socially acceptable hobby for wealthy women of the era.\u201cIf you were married at the time, you gave all your money and assets to your husband,\" said the exhibition\u2019s curator, Renske Cohen Tervaert. \u201cSo it was quite open-minded of him, in a way, to allow her to follow her dream in this way.\u201dImageHelene Kro\u0308ller-Mu\u0308ller in the early 1900s. The German heiress\u2019s goal was to establish a great public collection of modern art.Credit...Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller MuseumBut Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller didn\u2019t collect as a hobbyist. She embraced art with a kind of religious fervor.She bought her first van Gogh painting in 1908 for 110 guilders \u2014 about the price of an exquisite dress, said Eva Rovers, her biographer. Four months later, she bought his \u201cFour Sunflowers Gone to Seed\u201d for 4,000 guilders.AdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTPrices were rising in large part because she was buying so much.Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller\u2019s collecting philosophy was largely shaped by the art historian Henk Bremmer, with whom she took an art appreciation class, Tervaert said. She added that for Bremmer, the key component of good art was that it made the viewer feel an emotion or experience something spiritual.Image\u201cFour Sunflowers Gone to Seed\u201dCredit...Ilvy Njiokiktjien for The New York TimesImage\u201cBridge at Arles\u201dCredit...Ilvy Njiokiktjien for The New York TimesKr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller went looking for art that stirred her spirit and found van Gogh.Rovers said that van Gogh was not well regarded in the early 20th century. \u201cIf the general public knew him at all, they really considered him a madman who could not paint,\u201d she said. But because van Gogh had been a preacher before becoming an artist, Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller regarded him as a man who had found a connection to faith through his art.\u201cShe understood his wish to transcend suffering, and his aim to use art to transcend suffering,\u201d Rovers said.While most collectors in the Netherlands were buying old masters and 19th-century Dutch painting, Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller focused on Cubism, Pointillism and De Stijl artists, including Piet Mondrian, Fernand L\u00e9ger and Pablo Picasso.ImageOutside the museum, which Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller envisioned as a space for spiritual and philosophical inquiry.Credit...Ilvy Njiokiktjien for The New York TimesAdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTVan Gogh\u2019s work dominated the collection for a simple reason, Rovers said: He \u201cstood at the cradle of the beginning of avant-garde art.\u201d Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller built a collection, Rovers added, \u201cthat could show the broad variety of his work \u2014 landscapes, portraits, cityscapes.\u201dIn the late 1930s, as Europe was approaching World War II, Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller\u2019s health was declining, along with her family fortune.She decided to offer her art collection, worth about 4 million guilders at the time, along with family property in the Veluwe forest, to the Dutch state, as long as it would agree to build a museum to display it. She imagined the museum, with a 62-acre sculpture garden, as a retreat for spiritual and philosophical inquiry.The result was a rare trove in a remote Dutch forest \u2014 now a national park \u2014 built around her collection.ImageKr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller\u2019s collection is the second-largest trove of van Gogh\u2019s works anywhere, after the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam.Credit...Ilvy Njiokiktjien for The New York TimesThe Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam has more than 200 paintings, but its collection has a different history: It was established to show the collection of the van Gogh family, who owned the artist\u2019s unsold works. The Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller represents a collector\u2019s eye.\u201cThe Van Gogh Museum is just what was left over,\u201d Tempel said. \u201cThis is a chosen collection.\u201dAdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENT",
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